Category: Peer Counseling

THE EVOLVING ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT

In recent years, the responsibilities of law enforcement personnel have been at the center of national and local discussions. The field is evolving rapidly, bringing new challenges that require reflection, not just on the role they play in community safety, but also on the toll of the job, especially regarding mental health, public trust and alcohol use.

Whether you are sworn personnel or professional staff, your job is more complex than ever. Expectations have grown and so have the pressures. The unpredictable, high-stakes nature of this work means decisions made in seconds can have lasting consequences. It’s physically demanding and mentally exhausting, and requires resilience across every role.

These careers start with preparation: background checks, psychological evaluations, academy training and continued education. But the real challenge begins when that knowledge meets the unpredictable reality of the job — on the streets, in the office or behind the scenes. You’re expected to manage emergencies, investigate crimes, coordinate logistics and engage with residents, all while maintaining emotional control and professional integrity. The physical and psychological toll is real, and it affects everyone, regardless of job title.

At the same time, law enforcement is evolving. Many departments are embracing community policing, a model that prioritizes relationships, trust and collaboration. It’s a shift from enforcement-only, recognizing that safety isn’t just about control; it’s about connection. This approach can reduce tension, improve outcomes and support the well-being of both the public and personnel.

Still, challenges persist. Public perception is often shaped by high-profile incidents, leaving little room to acknowledge the steady, quiet work you do every day. And with that stress comes the need to cope — sometimes in ways that aren’t healthy.

Alcohol is one of those coping mechanisms. You see its impact daily in DUIs, domestic violence, assaults and public disturbances. Alcohol often escalates situations, turning routine calls into dangerous confrontations. But it’s not just a community issue; it’s an internal one too. For some, alcohol becomes a way to unwind after a long shift filled with trauma. While not inherently problematic, unhealthy use can lead to poor decision-making, increased risk of misconduct and long-term health consequences. We likely all know of instances where alcohol played a role in career-altering incidents or even disciplinary action.

Our Department recognizes this risk and wants to support our personnel. Psychological Services Bureau (213-738-3500) offers confidential support and a way to connect with a peer support member. These resources are not about punishment, but about prevention. You’re encouraged to look out not only for yourself, but also for your co-workers. If something feels off, speak up. If you’re struggling, reach out. Taking care of your health isn’t a weakness — it’s a professional responsibility.

If you’re looking for additional support or strategies, don’t hesitate to explore options including the Peace Officer’s Fellowship (POF), a 12-step program pioneered by Alcoholics Anonymous but tailored specifically for law enforcement personnel. Since POF’s inception in the 1970s, our Department has been a steadfast pillar of support, helping employees tackle a range of issues, from alcohol and prescription medication misuse to substance dependence. You can reach out to any of the people named in the table on this page.

Unhealthy alcohol use doesn’t exist in a vacuum; it often intersects with broader mental health challenges. The emotional and psychological demands of law enforcement are cumulative. Exposure to violence, tragedy and public hostility affects everyone, regardless of role or rank. When stress builds without support, it can lead to burnout, substance use and other serious consequences. Personnel who are mentally fit and supported are better equipped to serve with clarity, compassion and resilience.

In the end, today’s policing cannot be defined by a single challenge or solution. It’s shaped by your commitment, your decisions and your ability to adapt. Understanding the impact of alcohol, both externally and internally, is part of staying sharp, safe and in control. As society evolves, so must our approach to the job. Take care of your community, but don’t forget to take care of yourself.

HEALING FROM HURT

At some point in our lives, we all face challenges, stressful situations, unfairness or even trauma. These experiences can leave emotional imprints, shaping our emotions, perceptions and behaviors. This, in turn, can affect how we view the world, others and even ourselves. For example, when someone treats us poorly or betrays us, we may wonder, “What is wrong with me?” or “Did I cause this?”, or think, “I must be the problem.” This internalization can lead us to question ourselves — and at times even our own self-worth.

If something similar happens again, it can reinforce the belief that there is something “wrong” with us. Over time, we may develop an untrue and unhelpful story about ourselves. This can prevent us from developing trusting, meaningful relationships with others and with ourselves.

But here’s the truth … you are not your problems. You are not what happened to you. You are not defined by your past nor by someone else’s mistreatment. People give you want they have inside. So, if someone offers hurt, it says more about the state of their internal world than it does about you.

If you’ve been hurt or treated unfairly, here are some things to help you cope with or navigate the situation.

• Acknowledge your feelings to yourself. Own them. Face them. Feel them. Honor them. Journaling can often help us clarify how we feel and can help us develop self-compassion — a necessary step toward healing from a negative experience. As grief expert David Kessler says, “You cannot heal what you cannot feel.” Try not to distract yourself or talk yourself out of your feelings. It takes courage to face discomfort, but it is so important to do.

• Examine the message. Ask yourself if there’s any truth behind the person’s words. For example, if someone criticized you harshly, can you remove the harshness and examine the core message? Was there any valid feedback worth considering about your words or actions? If so, acknowledge it. However, do not internalize their anger or harsh tone — that is their “stuff,” not yours. Do not take in what doesn’t belong to you.

• Communicate (if appropriate). If it’s reasonable and safe to do so, discuss the unfair treatment with the person. Use “I” language to express how you felt. For example, “I felt hurt/upset/diminished/angry when you said/did XYZ.” This allows you to take responsibility for your feelings while also sharing how their actions affected you. People often act out of habit or ignorance and may not realize the impact of their behavior. Your feedback could foster awareness. If they are open to hearing you, follow up with how you would have preferred they had acted (e.g., speaking in a respectful tone, calmly, etc.).

• Maintain boundaries. If the person is intentionally malicious and harmful, maintain distance and uphold boundaries. Recognize that their behavior is likely to reflect their internal struggles. Their poor choices are their responsibility — not yours.

• Reach out for support. Talk to a trusted friend, loved one or therapist. Sometimes, talking through a situation can make it easier to manage. Sharing your burden can bring relief — you don’t have to carry it alone.

A final thought: Carl Jung, renowned psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, once said, “I am not what happened to me. I am what I choose to become.” As we navigate life’s challenges, it’s important to remember this truth. In doing so, we take our power back. In fact, we realize it never left us.

If you’re struggling with any of the issues mentioned above, or anything else, don’t hesitate to reach out to Psychological Services Bureau at (213) 738-3500 for free and confidential services. We’re here to support you with compassion, understanding and care. You deserve to feel heard, supported and empowered.

THE IMPACT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE ON FAMILIES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL

Substance abuse doesn’t just affect the person struggling; it affects their family, their relationships and their work. In law enforcement, where stress is constant and the stakes are high, this issue is especially personal. We work long shifts, face traumatic situations and carry the weight of decisions that can change lives. It’s no surprise that some of our own turn to alcohol or other substances to cope. But when that happens, the impact reaches far beyond the individual.

Families often bear the emotional burden in silence. Spouses may feel torn between supporting their loved one and protecting their own mental health. Children might not understand what’s happening, but they feel the instability and it can show up as anxiety, withdrawal or behavioral changes. Fear, shame and isolation can make it hard for families to talk openly and that silence can deepen the damage.

Establishing robust support systems within law enforcement agencies is vital to addressing these concerns comprehensively. Providing access to counseling, peer support groups (such as Peace Officer’s Fellowship) and substance abuse programs can empower both officers and their families to navigate these difficult circumstances. Tailored resources that speak directly to the unique challenges faced by law enforcement personnel will ensure that support is relevant and practical.

That’s why communication matters. Families need tools to talk honestly, rebuild trust and support each other through the ups and downs. And as a Department, we have a responsibility to make sure those tools are available. Fortunately, we’ve built a strong foundation of support. The team at Psychological Services Bureau includes licensed psychologists, Peer Support members and chaplains who understand the unique pressures of this profession and are ready to help. We’ve also established relationships with inpatient treatment programs that specialize in working with first responders, so when someone needs more intensive care, we can connect them with professionals who truly understand their world.

Education is one of our strongest tools for prevention and recovery. Workshops and training
sessions help families recognize early signs of substance abuse, learn healthy ways to manage stress and understand how to support a loved one in recovery. If you’re not sure where to start, reach out directly to our Substance Abuse Resource Program coordinator at (213) 738-3500. I’m here to answer questions and connect you with upcoming classes or resources. You’re not alone, and there’s no wrong door when asking for help.

Creating a culture of dialogue and compassion is how we move forward. We need spaces where people feel safe sharing their experiences without fear of judgment. When we normalize conversations about substance use and recovery, we strengthen trust and build a more resilient agency.

Addressing substance abuse within law enforcement families is a shared responsibility. When families receive the support they need, they’re better equipped to develop healthier coping strategies, and that benefits everyone. It improves morale, strengthens relationships and ultimately enhances our ability to serve the community.

By taking these constructive steps, we can transform the narrative surrounding substance abuse in law enforcement. Together, we can build healthier families and, by extension, a more compassionate and effective law enforcement community. In doing so, we not only strive for the well-being of individuals and families, but also enhance the integrity and effectiveness of the entire law enforcement mission.

The Substance Abuse Resource Program coordinator and the law enforcement psychologists at PSB are committed to assisting all employees with making appropriate choices to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Call Psychological Services Bureau at (213) 738-3500 if you wish to get more information regarding treatment facilities or other resources.

Prescription Drug Use Among Law Enforcement Personnel

When teaching stress management in the Department, I often ask students whether employees, including sworn personnel, can take prescription medication for mental health issues. Many are unsure and look to me for confirmation. Since not everyone will attend my class, I want to ensure this important information reaches all employees. The answer is: Yes, law enforcement personnel (including sworn officers) can use prescribed medication under the care of a medical doctor. In my work at PSB, I have met with employees who take medication to manage their mental health challenges while continuing to perform their jobs effectively.

Working in law enforcement is undeniably demanding, both physically and mentally. This is why it is crucial for employees to be proactive in caring for themselves in healthy and adaptive ways. Stress management looks different for everyone but often involves physical activities, social engagement, a strong support system, healthy lifestyle choices and self-care practices. For some, prescribed medication is an essential component of their wellness plan, whether for the short term or the long term. Not everyone who experiences stress, depression, anxiety or other mental health concerns requires medication. However, individuals should have conversations with their providers (e.g., medical doctors, psychologists and other medical/mental health professionals) to determine whether it could be helpful for their recovery and overall well-being.

Despite medical recommendations, some employees are hesitant or worried about using medication. However, I often find that individuals may already be self-medicating with other substances, like alcohol, pain medication or other drugs. Some express concerns about dependency or addiction, yet working with a medical doctor ensures proper evaluation and treatment tailored to each person’s health history, reducing the risk of complications. Many of the most commonly prescribed medications for depression and anxiety, such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), are not considered addictive. Meanwhile, medications that carry a higher risk of dependency include opioids (narcotics), benzodiazepines (e.g., Xanax and Lorazepam) and stimulants (commonly prescribed for ADHD). It is important to comply with the medical doctor’s prescription orders, like the appropriate dosage, frequency of use and knowledge of the side effects to monitor its effectiveness and benefits. Since the first prescribed option may not always be the right fit, ongoing discussions with the prescribing doctor are essential to find the most suitable medication.

Law enforcement personnel seek medication treatment for various reasons, including relief from stress, depression or anxiety, improved energy and alertness, support in coping with trauma, assistance with sleep and management of intense physiological reactions to stress (such as panic attacks). Stress is a biological process that impacts our mood, thoughts and behaviors. When these neurotransmitters (chemicals made in the brain) drop below a certain range, it can lead to depression and anxiety. Therefore, just as people take insulin to regulate their glucose levels because the pancreas is not working properly or at all, our brains may also need assistance to regulate neurotransmitter levels to help us get back to a healthier state of mind to function.

Lastly, medical doctors can prescribe medication for mental health challenges. Psychologists, like me, do not prescribe medication, but we have general knowledge that helps individuals access the resources they need to care for their overall well-being. If you are seeing a psychologist or other mental health professional, you can discuss any interest or concerns regarding medication treatment. Ultimately, individuals should visit their primary care physician to address questions about medication use, reasons for medication treatment, possible side effects and the appropriate dosage. If more specialized or ongoing care is needed, a referral to a psychiatrist may be recommended. It is important to note that taking medication without a prescription, supervision/monitoring and the advice of a medical expert can have negative consequences for one’s health, career and, in extreme cases, can result in accidental death.

If you would like help with managing your stress and acquiring healthy coping strategies, contact the Psychological Services Bureau (PSB) at (213) 738-3500 for a free and confidential consultation. PSB offers individual counseling, couples counseling, family therapy, peer support and spiritual counseling through the Chaplains Program. Additionally, for those who may be considering medication as part of their wellness plan, PSB can help facilitate conversations about treatment options and ensure guidance that aligns with your specific needs. In addition, PSB offers support for employees who need help with any misuse and abuse of a substance. Whether you need help processing difficult experiences, improving resilience or simply developing strategies to enhance your well-being, PSB is here to provide confidential and compassionate support.

BURNOUT AND THE COST OF DISENGAGEMENT IN LAW ENFORCEMENT

In any law enforcement agency, disengaged employees aren’t just struggling, they’re potential liabilities to individual and organizational well-being. Research and frontline experience alike show that employees who feel disconnected or dissatisfied in their roles are more likely to take excessive sick leave, report higher stress levels, exhibit lower productivity and face increased risk of anxiety, depression and emotional exhaustion. Disengagement doesn’t always show up as defiance; it can look like indifference, withdrawal or quiet resistance to organizational goals. One of the most common and costly expressions of this disengagement is burnout.

We’ve all heard the term, but burnout isn’t just a buzzword — it’s an occupational hazard in public safety settings. At its core, burnout is a psychological response to chronic workplace stress that hasn’t been successfully managed. It’s characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization or cynicism, and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment. For many in law enforcement, burnout stems from:

  • Loss of professional autonomy and control over decision-making
  • Diminishing respect for the role from within the organization or the public
  • Lack of timely, meaningful feedback (especially positive reinforcement)
  • Unrealistic demands from supervisors, colleagues or the community
  • Inadequate training or preparation for one’s responsibilities

These stressors are cumulative. Burnout doesn’t arrive overnight; it builds slowly, often unnoticed until it starts eroding performance, morale and mental health.

Recognizing the warning signs is a crucial first step. If you or a partner are finding the job no longer fulfilling, noticing less humor or camaraderie in the workplace, reacting strongly to minor stressors, feeling emotionally drained or struggling to stay motivated, it’s time to pay attention. These are not personal failings; they’re indicators of a system out of balance.

Addressing burnout requires a dual approach: individual strategies and organizational support. Supervisors and staff must recognize that workplace wellness is a shared responsibility, with each influencing the other in a continuous loop. Here are a few proactive steps that units of assignment and individuals can take:

  • Timely feedback matters. Leaders should offer consistent, constructive and positive feedback. Recognition builds morale.
  • Reconnect with purpose. Remind yourself why your role matters, even when others don’t say it out loud.
  • Make movement a priority. Regular physical activity is a powerful buffer against stress. Units of assignment can champion wellness by supporting fitness efforts creatively.
  • Manage your mental narrative. Negative self-talk amplifies stress. Challenge it. Replace it with affirming, realistic perspectives.
  • Refresh the environment. Even small changes to physical space like natural light, plants or meaningful symbols can influence mood and mindset.
  • Staff strategically. Chronic understaffing undermines effectiveness and morale. Doing more with less only works until it doesn’t.
  • Honor your limits. Learning to say “no” when needed protects your capacity to say “yes” to what matters.
  • Be patient with change. Whether it’s personal growth or department-level reform, transformation takes time. Persistence matters more than perfection.

Burnout isn’t inevitable. With intentional effort, open dialogue and a culture that values well-being as much as performance, we can shift from reactive damage control to true prevention. So here’s the real question: What’s one thing, large or small, you’re willing to do today to invest in your own resilience or support a partner’s? Because culture isn’t built by policies alone; it’s built by people, one interaction at a time.

And remember, you’re not in this alone. Our Department offers a range of resources to support your well-being and help you build resilience. Whether you’re looking for wellness tools, peer support or someone to talk to, don’t hesitate to reach out through the Department’s wellness app or by calling Psychological Services Bureau at (213) 738-3500. Asking for help is not a weakness, it’s a smart, courageous step toward staying strong in the work we do.

WAS THERE A HIPPO ON CAMPUS?

Stress is an inevitable part of life and a natural response to challenging or threatening situations. Whether triggered by work pressures, personal challenges or health concerns, stress is more than just an emotional response — it can have profound effects on memory. While stress can sometimes enhance our performance in short bursts, in the long run, chronic stress can have detrimental effects on the brain, especially in areas responsible for memory and learning. Understanding how stress impacts memory is essential to better managing its effects and improving cognitive well-being.

Stress triggers a cascade of biochemical reactions in the brain. Cortisol is one of the stress hormones automatically released to prime the brain and body for immediate action (“fight or flight”) by increasing heart rate, blood pressure and energy levels. Left unmanaged, chronic stress leads to high levels of cortisol, which negatively impacts the brain structures responsible for memory, most notably the hippocampus.

The hippocampus plays a central role in organizing past experiences, forming new memories and learning. It is highly sensitive to cortisol. Prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol can lead to the shrinkage of the hippocampus, impairing the ability to retrieve old memories and create new ones.

We cannot always control situations that come our way, but we can utilize strategies that can help reduce their impact and improve our cognitive well-being. Here are some strategies that might be useful:

1. Acknowledge: Acknowledging that we are all vulnerable to the effects of stress is not a sign of weakness or inadequacy. It means we are made of flesh and blood, not stone. Masking or ignoring stress only invites more stress.
2. Relaxation techniques: Deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation and other relaxation techniques activate the body’s parasympathetic nervous system, counteracting the stress response and reducing its impact on memory.
3. Mindfulness and meditation: Prayer, meditation and mindfulness help lower cortisol levels and enhance the brain’s ability to focus and remember.
4. Staying connected/social support: Engaging with family, friends or support groups can buffer the effects of stress. If you feel supported during your stress, you are likely to weather it more successfully than if you don’t.
5. Physical exercise: Physical activity is probably the most powerful tool for managing stress, as it increases endorphins (natural mood boosters) and helps regulate cortisol.
6. Sleep hygiene: Sleep plays a crucial role in memory consolidation and healthy cognitive functioning. When possible, prioritize good sleep habits by establishing a calming pre-sleep routine to reduce stress before bedtime.
7. Time management: Feeling overwhelmed by tasks can increase stress levels. Effective time management can reduce pressure, improve focus and allow our fearfully and wonderfully made brain to do what it was designed to.
8. Heathy diet: Omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, whole grains, leafy green vegetables, nuts/seeds, vitamin D and healthy fats are just some of the foods that have been found to improve memory.

ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT: NAVIGATING UNIQUE CHALLENGES

Romantic partnerships in law enforcement can experience unique and significant hurdles, which those in other industries might not even consider. From round-the-clock working hours to stress-filled encounters with constant traumatic incidents, the rigor of the job can take a toll on personal relationships. For many deputies, the impact of their job permeates their romantic lives, complicating communication, intimacy and general connection with partners.

While men and women in the profession tend to marry and divorce repeatedly over their careers, there are also some that stay together for decades. So what is different between couples who make it and those who don’t? Here are the top three behaviors that resilient couples practice.

Start a conversation at neutral times. Due to the general scarcity of time for those in law enforcement, when you have the time, you cherish all those moments you can spend together as a couple. In those moments, you do not want to add conflict, complaining or “nagging” to the conversations; understandably, you want to enjoy time together. But it often leads to surface-level conversations. You are in a rut and confronted with a cycle where you and your partner are both feeling distant, not communicating and like you are on opposite teams. Then, when you inevitably disagree about anything, the arguments start piling up, and both of you are exhausted and willing to do anything to prevent any other disagreements. This is how the cycle starts all over again.

Over time, deep/authentic conversations are only being had during arguments. How can we prevent this cycle? Even when things are scary, engage in genuine and authentic conversations when things happen. This sometimes means disagreeing with the other person’s point of view when you are not arguing. Share your thoughts and feelings, even if they do not make for fun conversations. During these “nonheated/neutral” moments, the two of you can truly hear and consider what your partner is saying. Allow yourself the opportunity to notice disagreements without automatically getting into an argument. Having a few minutes to connect, to talk openly and honestly with one another, even if about a difference of opinion in this case, leaves you with a strong understanding where you both know “the other person” is ultimately going to make you feel connected and aware of each other’s viewpoints.

The daily check-in. Do you and your significant other find yourselves doing daily tasks together and feel that one day flows into the next? There is always something that demands our attention. It often makes sense to put off a conversation to take care of a situation at work or with family members. The couples who withstand their marriages/relationships are usually those who speak daily. This does not have to be hours long. Commit to spending 10–15 minutes each day giving each other 100% of your attention. Try to spend this time together, in person, without phones or other electronics. But even if work schedules aren’t conducive to allowing this, make it a priority to engage in a daily phone call with your significant other. These short check-ins, where you can discuss anything on your mind, especially when you can hear each other’s voice (instead of text messaging), will naturally elevate your connection toward each other.

Make time for intimacy. Work, stress, kids, exercise and professional demands make it easy to push intimacy in your relationship to the backseat. We don’t usually mean to go days without touching, looking at or talking to each other. In couples, the first disconnection occurs most often regarding intimacy. This is very much a part of your love life. Most couples experience thriving physical and sexual connections in the initial stages of their relationship. As time goes by, however, they tend to allow other “stuff” to get in the way. While the excitement of the new relationship is difficult to match, it is essential to continue working on maintaining a healthy sexual connection. Keep your relationship on a slow burn, letting the tension build and the connection intensify over time. Cultivate intimacy by gradually allowing your relationship to develop, creating a steady connection buildup. Every couple deepens their intimacy in their own way, so take the time to discover what works for you. Focus on deliberate behaviors and actions that keep the temptation alive, helping you to view your partner as a sexual being continually.

If you would like more assistance in navigating romantic relationships or help with finding ways to feel more connected to your significant other, contact the Psychological Services Bureau at (213) 738-3500 for a free and confidential consultation or appointment with a licensed clinical psychologist or to connect with a Peer Support member or chaplain.

THE IMPACT OF DRUNK DRIVING IN LAW ENFORCEMENT

Drunk driving is a pervasive and devastating issue that has far-reaching consequences. Its impact extends beyond just the immediate incidents, often leading to lifelong injuries, emotional trauma and financial burdens. As law enforcement personnel, we are not immune to dealing with these tragic outcomes personally, as alcohol misuse and drunk driving incidents also plague our ranks. Law enforcement culture can even exacerbate the issue, with alcohol frequently being offered at gatherings, fostering environments where problem drinking can thrive.

The way people consume alcohol and the cultural factors surrounding it play a significant role in the problem of drunk driving. Different communities have varying attitudes toward alcohol, influencing how people drink and the likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors like driving under the influence. In some social circles, heavy drinking might be seen as a norm or even encouraged, while in others, moderation is more common.

In law enforcement, addressing these cultural and behavioral factors is crucial. Our profession demands a high level of responsibility and integrity, yet the culture of drinking can undermine these values. Alcohol is often present at gatherings and events, making it difficult for personnel to recognize and address their own or their colleagues’ drinking problems. The stigma around seeking help for substance misuse further perpetuates a cycle of problem drinking and its consequences.

Studies show that when alcohol is easily accessible, people are more likely to binge drink, leading to impaired judgment, reduced reaction times and a higher risk of traffic accidents. Addressing how readily available alcohol is can play a key role in reducing drunk driving and its devastating consequences. When planning events, it is important to consider alcohol-related behaviors to help mitigate problems related to alcohol misuse.

The financial burden of these incidents is another impact of drunk driving, with total costs in the United States estimated at over $50 billion per year. These costs include legal fees, medical expenses, insurance hikes and lost productivity. For Department personnel, the financial strain can be particularly acute, as drunk driving incidents often lead to being relieved of duty and legal repercussions, which can result in loss of income and additional financial hardship for personnel and their families. Moreover, the Department incurs costs related to investigations, public relations efforts to rebuild trust and the loss of experienced personnel.

Drunk driving incidents can have a profound psychological impact on those involved. For the person who drove under the influence, the aftermath can be emotionally devastating. They may struggle with intense guilt, shame and regret over their actions, especially if their behavior resulted in harm to others. These feelings can lead to long-term mental health issues such as anxiety, depression and even post-traumatic stress disorder. The stigma and disciplinary actions that follow can further isolate them from their peers and support networks, exacerbating their mental health struggles.

If you are someone who would like to get some support around this type of issue, you have options. Back in 1975, a group of dedicated members from the Sheriff’s Department and the LAPD came together to create the Peace Officers’ Fellowship (POF). Their mission was to build upon the 12-step program pioneered by Alcoholics Anonymous, but tailored specifically for law enforcement personnel. Since then, our Department has been a steadfast pillar of support, helping employees tackle a range of issues, from alcohol and prescription medication misuse to substance dependence. In addition to the POF, the Substance Abuse Resource Program is available to offer support and resources as needed. Our team of peer supporters, chaplains and police psychologists also stand ready to provide assistance and guidance as needed. Together, we stand strong, united in our commitment to well-being and recovery. You can connect with someone from POF by calling someone noted in the table above. You can connect with the other resources mentioned above by calling Psychological Services Bureau at (213) 738-3500.

LEADERSHIP’S ROLE IN COMBATING ALCOHOL MISUSE

Law enforcement is a demanding and often stressful profession, with personnel frequently exposed to traumatic events, high-pressure situations and long work hours — all of which can contribute to increased rates of alcohol abuse. Studies have shown that the stress from the job can result in harmful drinking habits, especially among men in the field. These findings suggest that the unique challenges and pressures inherent to law enforcement work can have significant consequences for the physical and mental well-being of personnel, potentially leading them to turn to unhealthy coping mechanisms like excessive alcohol use.

However, there’s good news. Research has shown that job rewards and health-oriented leadership play a crucial role in reducing burnout, which can, in turn, help reduce problematic alcohol use. Leaders who promote health and provide opportunities for building resilience can buffer the negative effects of high work effort on burnout. This highlights the importance of good organizational and managerial practices in promoting the well-being and resilience of everyone on the Department.

To tackle the issue of alcohol abuse, it’s crucial to understand work stressors and the role of job rewards and health-oriented leadership in mitigating these risks. Implementing interventions and support systems tailored to our unique needs is essential. This includes managing work-related trauma, high-pressure situations and long hours, as well as providing resources, training and opportunities for self-care. These measures help us build resilience and develop healthy coping mechanisms.

Leadership that prioritizes health and resilience has been shown to reduce the negative effects of work stress, potentially decreasing the risk of alcohol abuse. These findings underscore the importance of fostering a work environment that prioritizes well-being and supportive resources that promote healthier coping strategies. By taking a proactive approach to supporting mental health and overall well-being, we can empower personnel to develop healthier habits and reduce the likelihood of turning to harmful behaviors like excessive drinking.

The existing research on the link between law enforcement and alcohol abuse highlights the complex interplay of various occupational stressors, organizational factors and individual coping mechanisms that contribute to this issue. Addressing alcohol misuse within the law enforcement community requires leadership that acknowledges these unique challenges and provides comprehensive support systems, resources and healthy work environments to help mitigate the risk of problematic alcohol use.

In 1975, members of the Sheriff’s Department and the LAPD developed Peace Officer’s Fellowship to advance the 12-step program begun by AA in an environment for and by law enforcement personnel. Since then, the Department has assisted employees with various substance abuse issues in many ways. The Substance Abuse Resource Program coordinator and police psychologists at PSB are dedicated to assisting all employees. PSB also offers consultation to Department leaders to help them identify how they can best support their teams. This additional support can be invaluable in creating a healthier work environment. Call the office at (213) 738-3500 if you want more information or support around this topic. As a sworn member of the Department, if you have a desire to stop drinking and want support outside of the Department, you can always contact one of the POF members from the list included here.

THE IMPACT OF SECONDARY TRAUMA ON CIVILIAN AND SWORN STAFF

In the demanding field of law enforcement, exposure to trauma is often seen as an inevitable part of the job for sworn officers. Yet civilian staff such as dispatchers, administrative personnel and evidence handlers are also affected by trauma, albeit indirectly. Secondary trauma, also known as “vicarious trauma,” occurs when people who are not directly involved in traumatic events experience emotional stress due to repeated exposure to others’ suffering. In a law enforcement agency, both sworn and civilian employees can experience secondary trauma, which, if unaddressed, can have serious effects on mental health, work performance and overall well-being. Understanding this impact, recognizing symptoms and building a toolbox of coping strategies can help all personnel maintain resilience and support each other in this challenging work environment.

UNDERSTANDING SECONDARY TRAUMA IN THE WORKPLACE
Secondary trauma affects those who encounter distressing information about traumatic events. Civilian employees may experience it when processing detailed reports, reviewing disturbing evidence, hearing distressing calls or even hearing other personnel talk about a traumatic event among themselves. Sworn officers can experience it when they empathize with victims, assist traumatized families or even support colleagues dealing with intense experiences.

Secondary trauma can blur the line between personal and professional lives, creating stress not just on the job, but at home as well. It can lead to feelings of sadness, irritability, hypervigilance and detachment from work and others. Civilian personnel may question their reactions, believing they “shouldn’t” feel affected since they weren’t on the scene. However, secondary trauma is a recognized response to sustained exposure to traumatic material, and it can have significant emotional consequences.

RECOGNIZING SYMPTOMS OF SECONDARY TRAUMA
Recognizing secondary trauma can be challenging, as symptoms often develop gradually. Common signs include emotional numbness, anxiety, fatigue and difficulty concentrating; physical symptoms like headaches, sleep disturbances and irritability; and behavioral changes like withdrawing from friends or family and becoming increasingly cynical or pessimistic. Sworn and civilian staff may also experience a diminished sense of safety, with civilian employees feeling uneasy in their everyday environments and sworn personnel feeling worn down or helpless in the face of persistent trauma. The stigma around mental health issues in law enforcement may lead individuals to ignore these feelings or assume they’re just “part of the job.” Recognizing the signs is a crucial first step in managing secondary trauma before it intensifies.

EFFECTIVE COPING STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING SECONDARY TRAUMA
1. Mindfulness and grounding exercises: Practicing mindfulness, paying attention to the present moment without judgment, can help reduce stress. Grounding techniques such as deep breathing, taking breaks to step outside or focusing on a specific physical activity can help calm the nervous system when feelings of stress arise.

2. Routine self-care: Engaging in self-care routines outside of work, including exercise, hobbies and quality time with loved ones, is essential for mental health. Activities like journaling or engaging in creative hobbies can help release stress and restore a sense of normalcy after exposure to distressing material.

3. Setting boundaries between work and home: Developing rituals to separate work and home life, such as changing clothes, listening to music or engaging in a hobby immediately after a shift, can help prevent trauma from “bleeding over” into personal time.

4. Engaging in professional support: Accessing counseling, such as with PSB, or speaking with peer support can provide a confidential space to work through trauma. These services are specifically designed for sworn and civilian personnel, offering tools to manage stress and promote mental well-being.

If you need help with this or would like to speak more about anything mentioned here, feel free to reach out to the Psychological Services Bureau (PSB). PSB provides support to all members of the Sheriff’s Department. If you would like a confidential appointment or consultation with a PSB psychologist to discuss ways to improve your work–life balance, support employees and support supervisors, please call the Psychological Services Bureau at (213) 738-3500. To obtain additional information, you may also visit our intranet site (https://lasd.sharepoint.com/sites/lasd_intranet/SitePages/psb.aspx).